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Kangura Magazine

鈥淚鈥橫 SICK DOCTOR!!鈥� 鈥淵OUR SICKNESS?鈥� 鈥淭HE TUTSI鈥�TUTSI鈥�TUTSIIIIIII鈥�.鈥�

Kangura Magazine

On the cover of its fifth issue, Kangura magazine responded to public criticism of its anti-Tutsi content with the above cartoon titled 鈥淜angura Syndrome.鈥� Though 鈥淜angura Syndrome鈥� was intended by the magazine to satirize allegations that it was promoting bigotry, one need not even read beyond the cover to recognize the validity of its critics鈥� allegations. Originally founded by Hassan Ngeze during the civil war in 1990, Kangura emerged as an inflammatory and sensationalist news magazine. The magazine espoused the notion of Rwanda as a Hutu nation and framed its civil war as a Hutu-Tutsi contest for power. In this vein, the Tutsi refugee-led RPF was portrayed as a force seeking to reinstate the pre-independence Tutsi monarchy, to enslave the Hutu population, and to reduce them to a minority through violence. Moreover, Kangura explicitly conflated RPF soldiers and Tutsi civilians, presenting both as a unified threat to the Hutu population. This portrayal fueled a sense of imminent danger, with Kangura alleging that Tutsi accomplices within the country were collaborating with the RPF to target and eliminate Hutu. Most infamously, the magazine’s sixth issue introduced the “Hutu Ten Commandments,” a political manifesto that explicitly outlined Kangura‘s principles. These commandments condemned any association with Tutsi, branding it as treason, and specifically targeted Tutsi women, discouraging interethnic romantic relations and urging Hutu to 鈥渟top having mercy on the Tutsi.鈥� Kangura and its peers in the media played an instrumental role in psychologically preparing the Rwandan public for a genocide against Tutsi.

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Bibliography

Baines, Erin K. 鈥淏ody Politics and the Rwandan Crisis.鈥� Third World Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2003):聽479鈥�93.

Benesch, Susan. 鈥淚nciting Genocide, Pleading Free Speech.鈥� World Policy Journal 21, no. 2聽(2004): 62鈥�69.

Melvern, Linda. Conspiracy to murder: The Rwandan Genocide. London & New York: Verso,聽2006.

鈥�.鈥� No Greater Love. GM&A Publishing, 2019.

鈥淭he Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, Hassan Ngeze (Appeal聽Judgment),鈥� . International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, November 28, 2007.

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